故宫专题片之一：故宫解说词

　　故宫解说词故宫解说词(二)导游词各位朋友，过一会儿我们将参观故宫博物院，现在我先为大家作个简单介绍。故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又叫紫禁城。“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么人间的帝王当然要与紫字沾边。“禁”是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通老百姓，即使是高-官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸，是皇家“禁”地，所以又称紫禁城，整座城池建成于公元1420年，位于天-安-门广场北侧。
　　故宫平面呈长方形，南北长960米，东西宽750米，全面积72万平方米。整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕，城墙高10米，可谓是“城高池宽”。在故宫城楼的四周各有一座被称为九梁十八柱七十二条脊的精美角楼。故宫开四门，座北朝南，南门为午门，即正门，北门为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。
　　整个院落分为二大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外，故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半，够多吧!打个比方说吧，如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间，等他住遍所有房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人啦!
　　如此大规模的建筑群，所用的人力、物力、财力是可想而知的，故宫自1407年开始筹建，至1420年完工，历时十余年。施工中征集全国著名工匠10多万名，民夫100万，所用的材料也都是来自全国各地。自故宫建成后先后有明清24位皇帝在此执政。
　　1911年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命推翻了中国长达两千多年的封建社会。1912年清帝退位。1925年10月10日故宫博物院首次对外开放。1949年新中国成立后先后多次对故宫进行修缮，使它更加壮丽辉煌。1987年北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。好，先介绍到这里，呆会儿我再为大家做详细讲解。
　　二、午门(一) 涉及内容1、 午门的地位及用途2、 午门的建筑特点3、 午门名称的涵义(二) 讲解地点：故宫午门前(三) 导游词各位朋友，这里是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。
　　午门的平面呈“U”字型，正楼高35.6米，门额上有“午门”二字。两厢尽头为钟、鼓楼。城门正面开三个门洞，中路供皇帝出入，东西两侧供皇室成员及文武大臣通行。在两侧的墙上，还开有两个掖门，即侧门，平时不开，唯有举行皇家考试时才开放。
　　下面，我再为大家讲一讲午门的作用，在明代这里是举行献俘大典的地方。所谓献俘大典是指军队凯旋而归时，皇帝在此接见*臣、将士，将士们向皇帝献上战俘，皇帝象征性地将战俘赦免，以示皇恩浩荡，像正午的太阳光照四海，颇有一种“哪里有了皇帝郎，哪里人民得解放”的意味。另外，每逢正月十五过灯节的时候，皇帝在此赐宴百官，农历十月初一，在这里颁布次年历书，每逢皇帝去太庙祭祖便击鼓，去社稷坛祭土、谷神则鸣钟。如果皇帝去天坛祭天或祈谷便钟鼓齐鸣，告知百姓们“咱们的皇帝要去天坛祭天，祈谷为民造福啦!多么伟大的皇帝呀!”界时还有乐队吹奏、擂鼓，真是名符其实的自吹自擂!
　　刚才咱们讲的都是发生在午门前的好事，但这里还有可怕的一面呢!各位都在电影或在小说中听到过“将某某推出午门斩首”的说法，现在我要告诉大家，这里虽是午门，但却不是砍头的地方。在明朝的时侯，这里是廷仗之所。何谓廷杖呢，说白了就是用棍“仗”打某人的屁股。为什么要廷杖呢?大家都知道皇帝是真龙天子，文武大臣对真龙要百依百顺。但凡有人敢出言不逊或顶撞皇帝，那便是犯了“逆鳞”之罪。那位“逆鳞”者就会被押到午门东北角进行廷杖，轻则皮开肉绽，重者死于仗下。挺可怕的吧!那么，今天还有受廷杖之苦的人吗?有，不过今天的廷杖是让某人“停(廷)止游览，依仗(杖)有关条例处罚”的意思。所以请大家一定要遵守有关游览规定。

故宫之二：北京故宫博物院宣传专题片英语解说词

hello, everyone,
　　 we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architecturesand purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.
　　 the palace museum has served as the royal1. residence1. during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs1. ascended1. (opp. Descend)。 the throne1. and wielded .power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique1. for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling1. lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the  wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol1. of the people` s republic of china.
　　 a world-famous historical  the palace museum is on the world heritage3. list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental 1.〔O-〕(opp. occidental)civilization1.
　　 the palace museum is rectangular。 in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend1. there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound2.is enclosed1. by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed2. through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.
　　 the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.
　　what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.
　　 as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.
　　 upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.
　　 this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.
　　 in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.
　　 behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef
　　 ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.
　　we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.
　　 the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.
　　 behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.
　　 further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.
　　 the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.
　　 the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.